Notes on different types of disabilities

Thus disabilities are of two types:

1. Physical

2. Mental

1. The physically disabled are deaf, dumb, blind and orthopedically handicapped.

2. Mentally disabled are those who suffer through mental retardation or illness autism and cerebral palsy.

The Constitution of India directs the states to make effective provisions for disabled and aged people in securing the right to work, education and public assistance. Law makes it obligatory for the people with substantial means to support their parents if they are unable to maintain themselves.

There are basically three legislations in India dealing with the interests of the disables:

(i) The Rehabilitation Council of India Act 1992.

(ii) The persons with disability (Equal Opportunities Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act 1995.

(iii) The National Trust for the welfare of persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act 1999.

1. There shall be 3 per cent reservation in government jobs providing incentives for public and private sector organisations that employ disabled.

2. States shall progressively ensure that every disabled child has access to free education till the age of 18 years.

3. There shall be preferential allotment of land at concessional rates to the disabled persons for the construction of house, setting up business or factories and for the establishment of special recreation centres, schools, and research institutions.

4. There shall be establishment of special employment exchanges, special insurance policy and unemployment allowances.