Short essay on the important Parts of a Flower

There are four different parts of a flower such as calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. In some cases, it grows in the axil of a small appendage or leaf like structure known as bract.

Flower having a bract is termed as bracteates and the flower without a bract is said to be bracteates. The stalk that supports the flower is known as pedicel.

Presence of a pedicel makes the flower pedicel late and its absence makes it is The swollen portion of the pedicel that bears different parts of the flower is know) receptacle or thalamus. The floral parts are arranged on the thalamus as the leaves are arranged on the stem.

It may be spiral or cyclic. A typical flower shows cyclic or whorled type of phyllotaxy. The members of the consecutive whorls alternate with one another.

The plants like lotus, Magnolia, etc., show spiral type of arrangement of floral whorls. In rose, it is spirocyclic or hemicyclic in which the floral phyllotaxy is partly spiral and partly cyclic.

A typical flower consists of four sets of members arranged in four success whorls on the thalamus. The calyx is composed of sepals, corolla] petals, androecium of stamens and gynoecium or pistil of carpels. Of the; calyx and corolla are known as helping whorls or accessory whorls whill androecium and gynoecium are called the essential whorls or reproductive whorls.

Calyx and corolla are the two outermost whorls which serve secondary pui poses like giving protection to the reproductive parts and in making it attractive.Thl stamens of androecium are the microsporophyll and the carpel are the megaspon phylls.

These are the male and female sex organs, respectively. When the calyx anl corolla cannot be distinguished and is represented only by one set of accessory memben the whorl of such members is termed as perianth. Androecium is the third flora whorl consisting of stamens.

It is the male reproductive organ of the flower. Eacl stamen consists of a long stalk-like filament and two anther lobes bearing pollei grains. The tissue that joins the anther lobes is called connective.

Each anther lobe ii made of two chambers called pollen sacs or micro sporangia. Thus, there are foul microsporangia in one another. Similarly, the fourth and the last floral whorl gynoeciun consist of carpel (megasporophylls). It is differentiated into ovary, style and stigma. Ovary contains some egg like structures within it, called ovules. Some of the tern used in connection with flower is given in the Table.