During the sixth century BC a good number of small and big kingdoms emerged in northern India.

These kingdoms were situated in the Gangetic plains, in modern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar regions, where agricultural produces were grown in plenty.

Anyway, as many as sixteen states emerged in the said Gangetic plains, of which some were monarchies and others were republics.

These sixteen kingdoms taken together are known as sodasamahajcinapadas. Of the sixteen Avanti, Kosala, Vatsya and Magadha were most important.

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They had fought for political hegemony for about 100 years. Ultimately, however, Magadha emerged victorious and became the centre of political activities in northern India.