Development of human being can be explained on the basis of its aspects and stages. Physical development is one of the aspects of development characteristics of human being.
Physical development refers to the development of the physical, physiological structure or organs of the body till their maturation stage. It also includes the state of motor coordination and involvement of different activities for proper physical development with the provision of diet, sunlight, exercise and immunization.
Infancy and childhood stage is one of the formidable stages of one’s life. So a detail discussion of the physical development at this stages is highly essential. In the following lines, steps have been taken to analyze these.
Physical Development during Infancy:
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During infancy, the child develops rapidly. At birth, the child is bodily unattractive. The weight is about 7 pounds and height 22 inches at birth. The male child is taller and heavier than the female. In the first year weight and height increase at a very rapid rate. The proportion of the head of the body also changes. Weight of the brain of the child increases rapidly during pregnancy and at birth. By the age of four, the brain gains eighty per cent of its final weighs. Again, the rate of development becomes quick during adolescence period.
During infancy the internal organs of body changes quick. Muscles, nervous system, glands become active during infancy.
Physical Development during Childhood:
During childhood, the child is as restless as in the growth period. His interest in the objects of his environment continually increases. Development is not very rapid. The child has full energy, fresh air, enthusiasm and zeal to work. Proper physical training is required at this stage. They should be trained in various motor developmental tasks. Motivation, encouragement to work, active participation in different activities and sufficient co-curricular activities are to be given by the home and school environment for right motor and body coordination. Outdoor activities can be helpful for total educational progress and development.
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Therefore, we know from the above discussion regarding the nature and characteristics of physical development during early childhood and infancy. Both pre-school teacher and parents should be aware about these facts for a sound nurture of their children.