Improvement in genotype is mainly done by improving the genetic potentialities in plants and animals.
Trait or Character:
Any morpholgical, anatomical, behavioural and biochemical feature of an organism e.g., plant maturity, fruit size, shattering and non-shattering nature, yield, quality.
Selection:
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The process that leads to different rates of reproduction by different genotypes present in a population.
Breeding:
When genotype of an organism is modified to make that organism more useful to humans, the process is called breeding.
Plant breeding:
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The science of producing improved varieties of crop plants by changing their heredity for one or more traits like higher yield, better quality, shorter duration, suitability to particular environment and resistance to common diseases.
Animal breeding:
Aims at genetic improvement of domesticated animal species.
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Variety:
A variety consists of a group of plants which have the same genotype or similar genotypes and it differs for one or more characters from other varieties of the same crop.
Improved Variety:
The race/strain/breed of a species which is superior to all other existing varieties in one or more traits. It is recognized as such by a variety release committee based on its detailed evaluation for yield and other characters.