Volcanoes are basically spots in the Earth’s crust where hot, molten rock (magma) wells up to the surface.
Active volcanoes are found almost exclusively in three geologic settings: at convergent plate margins where one lithosphere plate sub ducts under another, melting the rock which rises to the surface as volcanoes (for instance, in Indonesia and elsewhere along the Pacific rim); at divergent plate margins where magma wells up to the surface as two lithosphere plates pull apart from each other, forming a rift (as in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean); and over mantle hot spots, areas that lie over a hot mantle plume that breaks through the crust and spews molten rock onto the Earth’s surface (as in the Hawaiian Islands). The largest volcanoes of the world are summarized.
(i) It is the discipline dealing with and avoiding risks.
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(ii) It is a discipline that involves preparing, supporting and rebuilding society when natural or human made disaster occurs.
(iii) Emergency Management is the continuous process by which all individuals, groups and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from hazards.
(iv) Effective emergency management relies on thorough integration of emergency plans at all levels of governments and nongovernment involvement.
(v) In private sectors, emergency management is commonly referred to as business continuity management.