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Term Paper on Submandibular Gland
Term Paper Contents:
- Term Paper on the Introduction to Submandibular Gland
- Term Paper on the Parts of Submandibular Gland
- Term Paper on the Capsule and Structure of Submandibular Gland
- Term Paper on the Submandibular Duct (Wharton’s Duct)
- Term Paper on the Nerve Supply and Applied Anatomy of Submandibular Gland
Term Paper # 1. Introduction to Submandibular Gland:
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Situation:
Digastric triangle and in the submandibular fossa of the mandible.
Type:
Compound and tubulo acinar mixed type of gland (serous and mucous).
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Development:
This develops from buccal ectoderm.
Weight:
About 15 gms.
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Shape:
‘J’ shaped, size of a walnut. Indented by posterior border of mylohyoid.
Term Paper # 2. Parts of Submandibular Gland:
There are two parts – Superficial and Deep part.
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Two parts are continuous around the posterior border of mylohyoid muscle.
Superficial part is larger than deep part.
I. Superficial Part of Submandibular Gland:
Is large and fills the digastric triangle.
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Extends:
Upwards deep to mandible upto mylohyoid line.
Anteriorly – upto anterior belly of digastric muscle.
Posteriorly – upto stylomandibular ligament.
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Surface:
It has three surfaces:
1. Inferior surface
2. Lateral surface
3. Medial surface.
Relations:
1. Inferior Surface:
On this surface submandibular lymph glands are situated.
It is related to:
(i) Skin
(ii) Superficial fascia containing
(iii) Platysma and cutaneous nerves and vessels
(iv) Investing layer of deep cervical – fascia
(v) Common facial vein
(vi) Cervical branch of facial nerve.
2. Lateral Surface:
It is related to:
(i) Mandible – Submandibular fossa
(ii) Medial pterygoid muscle
(iii) Facial artery.
3. Medial Surface:
It is related to:
(a) Anterior Part:
Mylohyoid muscle with its nerve and vessels.
(b) Middle Part:
(i) Hyoglossus muscle
(ii) Lingual nerve
(iii) Submandibular ganglion
(iv) Hypoglossal nerve (XII).
(c) Posterior Part:
(i) Styloglossus muscle
(ii) Stylopharyngeal muscle
(iii) Glossopharyngeus nerve (IX)
(iv) Posterior belly of digastric muscle
(v) Wall of pharynx – middle constrictor muscle
(vi) Lingual artery
(vii) Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
(viii) Stylohyoid muscle and ligament.
II. Deep Part:
Situated above the mylohyoid muscle.
Contacts anteriorly – sublingual gland.
Smaller than the superficial part.
Wedged between hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscle.
Relations:
Superiorly:
(i) Lingual nerve
(ii) Submandibular ganglion.
Inferiorly:
Hypoglossal nerve
Medially:
Hyoglossus muscle
Laterally:
Mylohyoid muscle
Anteriorly:
Sublingual gland (salivary).
Posteriorly:
(i) Posterior belly of digastric muscle
(ii) Stylomandibular ligament
(iii) Parotid gland.
Term Paper # 3. Capsule and Structure of Submandibular Gland:
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia splits into two layers – superficial layer is attached to lower border of mandible.
Deep layer covers medial surface of gland and attached to mylohyoid line of the mandible.
Blood Supply:
Arterial supply is by branches of facial and lingual arteries.
Venous drainage by common facial and lingual veins.
Lymphatic drainage – Submandibular lymph nodes.
Structure of Submandibular Gland:
Mixed type of gland.
Gland shows large number of serous alveoli lined by pyramidal shaped cells with zymogen granules.
Mucous alveoli have large irregular shaped (polyhedral) cells; contain mucous granules in the cytoplasm.
Basket cells are absent.
Usually, along the terminal part of the mucous alveolus, the serous cell clusters to form the demilunes of Giannuzi.
Duct is lined by cuboidal epithelium and similar to parotid gland.
Term Paper # 4. Submandibular Duct (Wharton’s Duct):
Thin walled, about 5 cm long.
Emerges out of anterior end of deep part of gland.
Course:
Runs forwards on hyoglossus muscle, after it lies between genioglossus and sublingual gland.
Termination:
On surface of sublingual papilla at the root of frenulum linguae.
Duct can be felt below the mucous membrane of the mouth along the sides of the tongue.
Lingual nerve hooks round the lower border of duct and reaches medial to the duct.
Term Paper # 5. Nerve Supply and Applied Anatomy of Submandibular Gland:
1. Sympathetic Supply:
Sympathetic supply by plexus around facial artery. These fibres are the post ganglionic fibres from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. These fibres are vasomotor in function.
2. Parasymphathetic Supply (Secreto Motor):
Preganglionic fibres are coming from superior salivatory nucleus with the sensory part of the facial nerve, they leave the facial nerve in its chordatympani branch and join the lingual nerve – from the lingual nerve these fibres are relayed into submandibular ganglion and postganglionic fibres reach the gland and supplies.
3. Sensory Supply:
Sensory supply is by lingual nerve.
Submandibular Duct and Lingual Nerve – Relation:
Nerve is situated above the duct.
It then crosses lateral to the duct.
It is then situated below the duct.
It hooks round the lower border of the duct and reaches the medial surface of the duct.
Applied Anatomy of Submandibular Gland:
1. Calculus formation.
2. Infection from oral cavity can reach to gland and causes inflammation to gland.
3. Secondaries deposited in the gland from oral cancer.
4. Carcinoma or tumour of the submandibular gland.