My elder brother helped me to learn how to ride a bicycle. One fine summer morning he took me on his cycle to a nearby playground. It was a large, open and level ground, and all deserted. My brother made me sit on the seat of the bicycle and place my feet on the pedals.
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Man acts with some purpose or motive. When he is hungry, he asks for food and eats it. Here hunger is a motive. Due to this motive he is guided to collect or prepare or purchase food.
There are mainly three types of mental activity-knowing, feeling and willing. We must attend to a particular thing at first in order to know, feel or act. Attention is common to all these mental activities. It is a pre-condition to them and is always present in conscious life. It is a characteristic of our consciousness.
Attention is the focus of consciousness, which is compared with a stream that flows constantly. All our thoughts, sensation, ideas and experience constitute this stream of consciousness.
Learning takes places in different ways. It covers a wide range, starting from the simple forms of animal learning to the complex forms of adult human learning. The difference between the simple and the complex is not one of kind, but of degree.
The simplest and the most elementary type of learning is that by conditioning. It is also called learning by conditioned response or conditioned reflex. The feeling of fear in loneliness or in darkness and the feeling of appetite at the sight of palatable food are the instances of conditioning.
Learning by conditioning is common to all animals and human beings and useful for early education. But learning by insight is suitable only for intelligent creatures both human and animals and useful for higher learning. It is a kind of learning done by observation, by perceiving the relationship and understanding the situation.
This is a simple form of learning. When the individual faces a new situation, he makes a number of random movements. Out of those movements, unsuccessful ones are eliminated and the successful ones are retained.