The evolution of man upto his present appearance is traced from the fossil remains for the ancient man found in the East and the West. A series of the fossil remains is given below:

(A) Fossil remains found in Africa-

1. Australopithecus Africans

2. Talanthropus capensis

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3. Rhodesian man

4. Boship man

(B) Fossil remains found in Asia –

5. Pithecanthropus Erectus

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6. Modjokertensis man

7. Sinanthropus man

8. Wadjak man

9. Solo man

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(C) Fossil remains found in Europe –

10. Eoanthropus man

11. Swancombe man

12. Neanderthal man

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13. Homo sapiens man

14. Grimaldi man

15. Cromagnon man

16. Chancelad man.

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1. Australopithecus Africans or Taungs Ape:

This is called Taungs Ape because its sample, a child’s scull, was found at a live long missing man was found the teeth of which resembled the teeth of man very much.

2. Talanthropus capensis:

In 1952 it was found near Johansberg in Africa. It was recognised as the skull of an animal between Australopithecus Africans and man.

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3. Rhodesian man:

It was found at Brokenhill in Rhodesia in 1921. Its bodily peculiarities are a broad forehead, a big jaw and palate, small teeth as those of man, cranial index from 1282 to 1326 percentile. Its period was ancient Pleistocene.

4. Boship man:

It was found in Boship in 1921. Its period was Pleistocene. Its bodily peculiarities are – big skull, long fore head, big mind, straight jaw, cranial index 1930 percentile.

5. Pithecanthropus man:

Dr. Dubois found it in 1891 at a place called Trinil in Java. Its period was ancient Pleistocene. Its bodily peculiarities are: head index 73.4, cranial index 900 and 985 percentile, narrow skull like that of an ape, slanting brows, and small pointed teeth.

6. Modjokertensis man or Pithecanthropus II:

Dr. Koingswald discovered it at Modjokarto.in East Java. It belongs to a period after Pithecanthropus of Java man.

7. Sinanthropus or China man or Peking man:

Dr. Davidson Black discovered it at Chokotene, 37 miles away from Peking. Its Period is supposed to be ancient Pleistocene. Its bodily peculiarities are – cranial index from 915 to 1225 percentile, head index 76, small skull like that of an ape, skull bone like that of a man, thighbone 156 percentile, broad nasal bone.

8. Wadjak man:

Dr. Dubois discovered in Java in the year 1936. Its period is III Ice Age. Its bodily peculiarities are – cranial index 1650 percentile and fat muscles near the neck.

9. Solo man:

It was also found in Java in 1926. Its period appears to be III last Ice Age. It also has heavy muscles near neck.

10. Piltdown or Cave man:

Dr. Dawson discovered it in 1911 at Piltdown in Sussex province of England. Its period is Pleistocene. Its bodily peculiarities are – lower Jaw like that of an ape, upper pointed teeth like those of an ape, skull that of man, cranial index from 1400 to 1500 percentile and hand index 78.

11. Swancombe man:

Its skull was found in 1935 at Swancombe in the south of the river Tames. It belonged to some woman, the capacity of whose skull was about 1235-1350.

12. Neanderthal man:

Wm. King discovered it at a place called Dugus ford in Neands (Germany) in 1956. Its period is believed to be middle Pleistocene. Its bodily peculiarities are – length 5 feet 3 inches, neck like that of an ox, broad chest, fat brows, cranial index 1400 percentile. The remains of Neanderthal man have been found in France, Germany, Rome, Yugoslavia, Palestine and many other places.

13. Homo Sapiens man:

It is man’s direct ancestor. Its three tribes evolved in Europe, are – Grimaldi man, Cromagnon man and Chancelad man.

14. Grimaldi man:

It was found at Grimaldi in Moneko province. It is an earlier form of Cromagnon man.

15. Cromagnon man:

Quatrefags and Hamy discovered it in 1869 at a place, Cromagnon, in South France. Its bodily peculiarities are – height 6 feet, long shaped forehead, high and big skull, small features and broad cheeks.

16. Chancelad man:

It is one of the forms of Cromagnon. It was discovered in France in 1888. It very resembled a Mongol. Its stature was small, skull big and the body was heavy.