The Fifteenth General Elections brought the Congress Party and its allies once again to success with increased majority. Even though the Left Parties (the Marxist Communist party and its allies) withdrew their support to the Manmohan Singh Government, the election saw the Congress Party and its allies triumphant.

In West Bengal, after many years, the left parties were defeated decisively and the Congress and the Trinamul Congress alliance were victorious. The Congress Party alone captured 204 seats nationally. In a state like Kerala where the Left Parties had won 18 of 20 seats in 2004, could win only 4 seats.

The performance of the BJP was also disappointing with 118 seats. On the other hand the Congress fared much better in most of the States. In Delhi the party won 7 out of 7, in Uttarakhand 5 out of 5 in Haryana 9 out of 10, in Rajasthan 20 out of 26 in Andhra Pradesh 32 out of 41. In Maharashtra 25 out of 48, in Jammu and Kashmir the alliance between Congress and the National Conference, 5 out of 6 and in Kerala the UDE 16 out of 20.

The stability of the Government of India was reassured with Dr. Manmohan Singh sworm in as Prime Minister of India for the second time and Sonia Gandhi re-elected as the Chief of the UPA.

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Of the total 543 seats in the Lok Sabha, 261 seats went to the U.P.A., 158 to the NDA, 23 to the Left Parties and the remaining 101 to the rest.

The fifteenth General Election of India was the largest of its kind the world has ever witnessed. The total number of voters was 714 million. Because of its extra-ordinary size Election Commission conducted it in five phases, from April 16 to May 15. The poll schedule was finalized only after a series of meetings with political parties Chief Secretaries of State Governments Directors General of Police and Railway Board Officials.

Consequent on the announcement of the schedule of the General Election, the Model code of conduct for the guidance of the political parties and candidates came into operation with immediate effect from the day the announcement was made by Chief Commissioner of Elections.

The total number of the electorate had increased by 43 million, from 671 million in 2004 to 714 million in 2009. To achieve maximum participation, polling stations across the country had been increased by over 1.42 lakhs to 828804 from 687402 in 2004, the date of fourteenth General Election.