Minerals are those substances which are buried under the earth’s surface. And they are mixed up with rocks which’ have a high concentration of a particular metals or non-metals. India is very rich in mineral resources and they are necessary for the industrial development of the country. Following are in the descriptions of the minerals found in India and their distributions in different states in which they are found,
1. Iron
Iron ore-
Iron ore has now become an important mineral product of India, One fourth of the total iron reserve of the world is found in India. The iron ore found in India is of very high quality and contains 60-90 percent of Iron.
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Distribution-
The larger part of the supply of iron ore comes tarn Jharkhand and Orissa,
Jharkhand–
Noamundi, Gua and Jamda in Singhbhum district.
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Orissa–
Badbil, Meghahata and Bagiaburu in the district of Koenjhur. Kiriburu in Bonai. Guru Mahisani, Sulepat and Badam Vihar in the district of Muerbhanj.
Chhattisgarh–
Dhali Rajahra (Durg), Bailadilla (Bastar) and Balaghat (Raigarh).
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Maharashtra –
Chanda and Ratnagiri.
Kamataka–
Kundermukh, Bababudan Mountain, Belari, Chittal.
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Andhra Pradesh-Nellore, Kuduppa, Kurnool
Tamil Nadu- salem, Trichurapalli.
Rajasthan
Export- India experts iron ore to Japan, Korea, Iran, Rumania
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2. Coal
It is the most important mineral product of India. 60% of the total reserves of coal is found in West Bengal and Jharkhand.
Distribution-
Bokaro, Giridih, Jharia, Karanpura, Lalmatia
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(Jharkhaud); Raniganj (W. Bengal); Korba, Raigarh, Jhilmili, Chirmiri Lakhanpur, Mushrampur (Chhattisgarh); Singrauli, Sohagpurumaria (Madhya Pradesh); Desgarh, Talchar (Orissa); Singreni (Andhra Pradesh) Makum, Lakhimpur (Assam); Chanda, Baraura (Maharashtra); Danli, Kalakata JJammu & Kashmir); Neyveli (Tamil Nadu). :
Exports– -Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Japan, Singapore and Malaysia.
3. Manganese
Manganese is an important element in manufacture of steel and is extensively used in the chemical and industrial industries.
Distribution–
Koenjhur, Kalahandi, Mueurbhanj, Talchar (Orissa); Balaghat, Seoni, Chhindwara, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh); Singhbum (Jharkhand); Baroda, Panchmahal (Gujarat); Udaipur Banswara (Rajasthan); Chittaldurg, Shimoga (Karnataka).
A. Mica
Mica is a very important element which has an immense use in the modern industrial development. It is mainly used in electrical goods, automobiles and aeronautic industries.
Distribution–
Koderma, Domchanch, Masnodih, Dhab, Giridih (Jharkhand); Ajmer, Bhilwara (Rajasthan) Nellore, Guntoor (Andhra Pradesh); Koraput, Ganjam and Cuttack (Orissa).
5. Bauxite
Bauxite is the ores of Aluminium from which the Aluminium metal is extracted. Aluminium is widely used in the manufacturing aeroplanes, ships, domestic utencils and electric wires etc.
Distribution–
Bagru Pahari, Palamu (Jharkhand); Raigarh Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh); Jabalpur, Sargujja (Madhya Pradesh); Kalahari®’ Koraput and Sambhalpur (Orissa); Kaira (Gujarat), Kolhapur, RatnagW Satara (Maharashtra); Nilgiri and Shaivroy Pahari (Tamil Nadu).
6. Copper
Being good conductor of electricity copper is widely used in the manufacturing of electric wires, dynamo, electric motor etc. In ancient days utencils and coins were made of this metal.
Distribution-
Mosabani, Dhobni, Rakha in the district of gjnghbhum (Jharkhand); Khetri, Alwar (Rajasthan); Guntur, Khammam (Andhra Pradesh); Chittaldurg, Hassan (Kamataka).
Very meagre reserves of copper is found in India, so a large quantity of copper is imported from United States of America, Canada and Japan.
7. Petroleum
Petroleum is considered the backbone of modern civilisation. It is widely used as fuels in aeroplanes, ships, motor vehicles. It is also used as raw materials in many industries. It is also used in manufacturing of many chemical products. Total reserves of petroleum is very meagre so a large quantity of petroleum is imported every year to meet its domestic requirements.
Distribution-
Digboi, Naharkatia, Moran (Assam); Ankaleshwar and Kalol (Gujarat); Bombay high in the Arabian sea (Maharashtra); Jaisalmer (Rajasthan); Sundarwan (W. Bengal).
8. Natural Gas
The importance and use of petroleum gas is remarkably increasing day by day. Natural gas is widely used these days in fertiliser industries power stations and as domestic fuels.
Distribution- Bombay high, Gujarat and Assam produce large quantities of natural gas.
9. Gold
Of all the precious metals that India has the most important is gold. It is widely used in making costly jewelleries.
Distribution-
Almost all the current gold production originates in the Kolar gold field in Kamataka.
Other Minerals:
10. Limestone–
It is widely used in the manufacturing of cement and iron. It is found in Dehradun (Uttrakhand), Latehar (Jharkhand); Rohtasgarh (Bihar); Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and in Andhra Pradesh.
11. Uranium-
It is mainly found in Jadugoda in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand.
12. Magnesite-
Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Salem (Tamil Nadu), Almora(Uttarakhand). Dungarpur (Rajasthan), Mysore (Kamataka).
13. Ilmenite-Coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Mahara, and Orissa.
14. Thorium-It is mainly found in Kerala.
15. Berelium-It is found in Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan.
16. Chromite-It is used in manufacturing high quality steel, found in Jharkhand, Orissa, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
17. Kaynite– It is used in the production of Firebricks, It is Lapsaburu in Jharkhand.
18. Gypsum- It is used in the manufacturing of cement. It is founds- in Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh.
19. Asbestus–
It is found in Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Karnataka.
20. Diamond–
It is mainly found in Panna in Madhya Pradesh
21. Marlite-
It is found in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.
22. Glass–
Kandra, Hazaribagh (Jharkhand); Rajasthan, Uttarkhand Gujarat.
23. Silver–
Rajasthan, Manbhum and Singhbum in Jharkhand.
24. Tin–
In Hazaribagh of Jharkhand.
25. Tungustan–
Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
26. Zirconium-
Kerala
27. Zinc-
Rajasthan
28. Cobalt–
Kerala and Rajasthan
29. China clay-
Kerala, Rajmahal Hills, Singhbhum in Jharkhand
30. Felspar-
Rewa (M.P.), Burdwan (West Bengal Alwar (Rajasthan) :
31. Carborundum–
Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
32. Salt Peter –
Bihar, Punjab