Emotional Intelligence
In the nineties (1990), the concept of emotional intelligence came to the fore by Salovey and Mayer. According to Salovey, our current mood influences our self-consciousness. They found that persons experiencing either pleasure or sorrow are prone to be inward looking than persons in a neutral mood person’s mood induces him/her to be desirous of understanding his/her emotions and feelings.
People who are in a good mood report fewer symptoms and con themselves as psychologically healthier than people who are in a bad mood (Salovey and Birnbaun, 1989). The emotional arousal and the cognitive states go together. The researchers have attempted to study emotion accompanying cognitive states in guiding one’s social intelligence expressed in thinking and attention.
The following characteristics of emotional intelligence have been identified by Salovey and Birnbaun: (a) reinforcement of one’s cognitive activities by his emotional condition, (b) arousal, attention perception, and emotional expression, (c) self analysis of emotional input and its utilization in cognitive action, and (d) control of one’s emotion intellect!
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Practical Intelligence
A high IQ score does not always guarantee success in life if it is without any practical intelligence. Mentions have been made about Sternberg’s contextual intelligence, which consists of practical knowledge applied to solving day-to-day life problems. For example, practical intelligence is inv< in getting along with people, in replacing a fuse wire, repairing a const flowing tap and so on. Sternberg calls such practical knowledge knowledge”.
Tacit knowledge includes all the useful and need-based inform about getting along in the real world that are not taught in schools or colleges Sternberg cites the example of Celia, who was a graduate student Celia street-smart. She knew how to manipulate the environment. Her sea traditional tests were not very high, but she could succeed in almost every social context.
The use of practical intelligence is seen in the fields of politics, business, social communication, and science. Sternberg has devised tests, which are designed to overcome the limitations of traditional IQ tests. Successful persons whose IQ scores are rather low perform competently on these tests.
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Spiritual Intelligence
Spiritual Intelligence is a recent concept in the area of intelligence. After Dandh Zoharand Ian Marshall’s book “Spiritual Intelligence” got published in 2000, the concept of spiritual intelligence came to the fore. It is also called spiritual quotient. It is related to higher values, and meaningful existence in larger holistic context.
Possibly, Buddha, Christ, Shankaracharya, Vivekananda, Gandhi, Sivananda, Sri Aurobindo, Mother Theresa, The Mother, Raman Maharshi, Acharya Rajanish, Maharshi Mahesh Jogi, Swamai Satyananda, Sri Sai Baba, Amritanadmayee Maa and Sri Asharam Bapu have high spiritual intelligence. Meditation helps in achieving spiritual intelligence.
Zohar and Marshall have identified the following characteristics with people having spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence is associated with a greater degree of self-awareness. It enables one to bear with tenacity and overcome suffering and pain. Spiritual intelligence expands one’s ever growing vision and sense of value.
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Persons having high spiritual quotient (SQ) often encourage and energize others and become a source of constant inspiration. They always delve deep into the matters and actions in order to find the real reason behind the events. They develop the capacity to regulate their own consciousness by overcoming their own stress and physical ailments such as tension, high blood pressure etc. without medical assistance.