(i) The constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in defection, in order to become ministers or for cash rewards.

(ii) The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate, who contests elections, to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. This new system has made a lot of information available to the public.

(iii) The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their income tax returns. The parties have started doing it but sometimes it is mere formality.