Different types of executive are chosen by various methods as follows.

1. Hereditary Principle:

The hereditary principle is followed in the U. K., Nepal, Japan, Denmark, Spain, Iran etc. for the appointment of the chief executive or the head state. In these states, the king, queen, monarch or the emperor is chosen by virtue of the principle of hereditary succession. The term of office is for life. The power monarch in most of these countries is constitutionally limited.

2. Direct Election:

ADVERTISEMENTS:

The chief executive may be elected directly by the people. Presidents of the U. S. A., Ireland, Austria, France, and Portugal are chosen by election. This mode sounds more democratic.

3. Indirect Election:

Some executive heads are chosen by indirect election. They are chosen by an electoral college which is earlier elected by the people. It involves different elections. The Indian President is elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of Parliament and elected members of the state Legislative Assemblies of all states of the Indian Union. Under the provisions of the Am constitution, the President is elected by an electoral college, but in reality he is elected by the people directly.

4. Election by Legislature:

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Yet another method is election by the legislature. In like Switzerland, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, India, the chief executive is elected by the legislature. The Indian President is elected by the Union and state legislate

5. Nominative:

A few chief executives are nominated. The Governor Generals of C Australia, New Zealand and South Africa are nominated by the British crown,

6. Open Competitive Examination:

ADVERTISEMENTS:

The civil servants who form the Permanent nonpolitical executive are chosen through open competitive examinations, inter etc. conducted by impartial bodies called Public Service Commissions, Commission recommends the names of successful candidates to various Posts offices to the chief executive who then makes appropriate appointments.