Modernization means the growth of scientific thinking, increase in production of things, increasing participation of the people in the Government and a growing realization of the human equality. The Indian society was not modern in many respects in the 19th century. Agriculture was backward and subsistence type. There was no large scale production of goods, as these were produced at the village level only employing family labour. People did not enjoy liberty, as the same was curbed by the British Government.  The people’s participation in Government was nil. The Indians were excluded from higher jobs in the Government service. The Indian people were treated as inferior and yet there was no realization of equality by them.