Short notes on Vegetative Reproduction

Vegetative reproduction takes place by:

(a) By the formation of secondary protonema developing on rhizoids, stem or leaves;

(b) By adventitious branches cut off from the mother plant by decay;

(c) By the formation of green multi cellular bodies known as “gemma”;

(d) By apospory, i.e. development of gametophyte from any cell of sporophyte without the formation of spores.