The main purpose of sanitation is to maintain such an environment which will not affect the public health. Principles of sanitation are:
(a) Collection and conveyance – Remove any waste material – solid, liquid, gaseous.
(b) Interior decoration – Substances which are likely to catch dust should not be placed in the room.
(c) Orientation of the building – orientation should be made to adjust with prevailing natural conditions.
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(d) Prevention of dampness
(e) Supply of water
Definitions:
(a) Refuse – Garbage Dry refuse decayed fruits, grass leaves, paper pieces, sweeping vegetables, etc.
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(b) Sewage – Liquid waste from the community – Sewage discharge from urinals, urinal stables, industrial waste, storm water (rain water)
(c) Night soil – Human and animal excreta.
(d) Combined sewage – Sanitary sewage plus storm water.
(e) Crude/raw sewage – Sanitary sewage plus storm water.
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(f) Dilute/weak sewage – Less suspended solid materials
(g) Fresh sewage
(h) Septic sewage – Sewage which is undergoing the treatment process.
(i) Suliage – Waste water from bath room, kitchen
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(j) Residential sewage consists of liquid wastes originating from urinals, latrines, bath rooms, kitchen sinks, wash basins ctc. It is generally foul. This need treatment before disposing.
(k) Drainage – The run resulting from rain storm is called drainage.
(l) Sewer system-Consists of a network of sewer pipes laid in order to carry the sewage from building to the sewage treatment plant.