Brief notes on the Distribution of temperature in July

The horizontal distribution of temperature in July. The isotherms in the northern hemisphere (where it is summer) are most irregular and zigzag.

On the contrary, the isotherms in the southern hemisphere (where it is winter) are relatively more regular and straight, except at the edge of the continents where there is a slight bend towards the equator.

An elongated and extensive belt of high temperature (about 32.2°C) is seen extending from North Africa through Southwest Asia to the north western part of the Indian subcontinent. Another belt of high temperatures is found in the south-western part of the United States of America.

In July, the low temperature belt of the cold season now disappears from the north eastern part of Siberia. This region, because of the effect of continentality, becomes warmer than other regions within the same latitudes.

In the northern hemisphere, the continents are much warmer than the oceans which are relatively cooler. The maximum amount of temperature contrast is found between the north Pacific and the adjacent land areas. During the northern hemisphere summer, there is lesser number of isotherms, and they are widely spaced.

With the apparent movement of the sun towards the Tropic of Cancer, all the isotherms are displaced slightly towards the north, but there is little variation in their general tendency. In July the thermal equator is displaced to the north of the equator.

Another noteworthy feature of the July isotherms is that over continents they bend towards the North Pole and over oceans towards the equator. Temperature gradient in the interior and the eastern margins of the continents becomes weak. There is no substantial change in temperature gradient along the western margins of the continents.