Stroke (or apoplexy) is defined as ‘rapid disturbance of cerebral function lasting for more than 24 hours or producing death due to vascular lesion’. The vascular lesion may be:
1. Occlusion in the form of cerebral thrombosis or embolism.
2. Rupture leading to sub – arachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral hemorrhage.
Manifestations
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The neurological manifestations of stroke may occur in the form of hemiplegia, paraplegia, paralysis, speech disturbances or sensory loss.
Cause
The risk factors of stroke are:
1. Diabetes and hypertension.
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2. Obesity and increased fat intake
3. Increased viscosity and clotting of blood.
4. Alcohol and smoking
5. Ingestion of oral contraceptives.
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Prevention and control
1. The first step is control of hypertension.
2. Control of diabetes.
3. Diet regulation and avoidance of fatty food.
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4. Treatment of acute stroke and follow up.
5. Health education to create awareness about stroke and its causes.