Chief Minister Cavour led the movement to unify the regions of Italy. He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.

Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better than he did Italian.

Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.

Apart from regular troops, a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined.

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In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the kingdom of the two Sicilies, and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.