After the call-off, the Non-Co-operation Movement was the growth of communal tension and the occurrence of communal riots. The tabligh movement was started by Muslim communalists to promote conversion to Islam.
The Shuddhi movement was started by Hindu communalists to reconvert to Hinduism, persons who had been converted to other religions.
The communal parties were not concerned with the freedom of the country but wanted to get concessions for the upper classes of their communities. Muslim League which cut itself off from the Congress in the 1920s and started pursuing its communal demands.
The Hindu Mahasabha which had been formed in 1915, demanded special privileges for Hindus in provinces where they were in a minority.
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The communal tendencies hampered the nationalist movement. They did not concern themselves with questions affecting the common people-poverty, social reform and equality.
They were concerned only with the rights and privileges of the upper classes of their community.
Many communal riots occurred in various parts of the country as a result of the activities of communal organizations.