During the 30s and 40s of the twentieth century it is possible to identify other streams besides the Congress mainstream in the Indian national movement.

While there are historians who speak of as many as seven, eight or even nine streams it is reasonable to restrict these, at the first instances, to three streams.

First was the movement centering the Indian National Congress? In fact, Congress was the most important and effective instrument in India’s struggle for freedom. It was a platform in which several opinions were accommodated.

The second stream may be identified as the leftist movement. Leftism of the period inspired the Congress. And with the establishment of the Communist Party of India (1925) the peasants, workers and the toiling misses were involved in the freedom movement.

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The anti-British extreme movement by the national revolutionaries may be stated to be the third stream along which flowed India’s struggle for freedom.