The Khilafat movement was organized by Mohamed Ali and Shaukat AH in protest against the injustice done to Turkey after the war. In 1920, the Congress adopted the Non-Cooperation Movement under the leadership of Gandhiji. The aims of the Non-Co-operation movement were to redress the wrongs done to Punjab and Turkey and the attainment of Swaraj.
The stages of Non-Co-operation Movement were the renunciation of titles, the boycott of legislative. Educational institutions were deserted. New programme of national education started. Many Indians resigned their Govt. jobs. Foreign cloth was burnt in bonfires.
Among the Sikhs, there was movement to dislodge the Pro-government and corrupt mahants from Gurudwara. The Prince of Wales arrived in India, on 17 November, 1921. He was ‘greeted’ by general strikes and demonstrations. At many places police resorted to firing at the demonstrators.
Top leaders were arrested. Early in February 1922, Gandhiji decided to start a no tax campaign in Bardoli district in Gujarat. However in, Chauri Chaura (U.P.) people turned violent and set fire to a police station causing the death of 22 policemen. When the news reached Gandhrji, he decided to call off the Non-Co-operation movement.
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The working committee of the Congress met on 12th February, 1922 and decided to the popularization of charkha, promotion of Hindu Muslim unity and combating of untouchability.
The leaders of the congress, who were in jail were sad to learn that the movement had been called off. Gandhiji himself was arrested for six years. However he was released within two years. After this he started his constructive programme.
A section of the Congress led by Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das formed the Swarajya Party and decided to participate in the elections to the various legislative bodies which had been boycotted earlier, and to wreck them from within until the demands of the people were met.