1. Explain the following:

(a) Elicitors

(b) Rhizophore

2. Describe the following:

ADVERTISEMENTS:

(a) Economic importance of marine algae

(b) Gametophytes in Selaginella

(c) Pollenia

(d) Female inflorescence in Gnetum

ADVERTISEMENTS:

(e) Ovule bearing organs of Cycadofilicales

(f) Beta taxonomy

(g) Distribution of Welwitschia

(h) Cytomixis

ADVERTISEMENTS:

3. Distinguish between the following:

(a) Axile and Parietal placentation

(b) Synergid and egg cells

4. Describe different types of Endosperms.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

5. Describe the floral characteristics of orchids.

6. Economic importance of Dipterocarpaceae.

7. Discuss the importance of Herbarium.

8. Describe a natural system of classification up to the rank of orders of flowering plants.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

9. What are fungicides and how are they applied in standing crops and plants products?

10. Describe the following:

(a) Heterocysts

(b) Akinetes

ADVERTISEMENTS:

(c) Water bloom algae

(d) Witches’ broom

(e) Economic importance of blue-green algae.

(f) Sporophyte of Selaginella.

(e) Equisetum species are not primitive vascular cryptogams.

(f) Anomalous secondary growth.

(g) Reproductive structure in Lycopodium.

(h) External morphology of Ephedra.

11. Write a short note on distribution of William ­sonia.

12. Write about the reproduction of Taxus.

13. Write an account of Takhtajan system of classification of plants.

14. Write a short note on fungal cell wall.

15. What is a zoospore? Mention its function.

16. Write a note on Heterothallism in Fungi.

17. Write a note on Heterotrichous thallus in Algae.

18. Write short notes on:

(a) Types of sexual reproduction in Fungi

(b) Palmella stage

(c) Telome theory

(d) Tracheids

19. Describe the following:

(a) Pollen grain in Pinus

(b) Structure of ovule in Gnetum

(c) Ovule in Cordaitales

(d) Leaf anatomy in Cycas

20. Write short notes on:

(a) Classification of angiosperms

(b) Canada balsam

(c) Tapetum

(d) Importance of Palynology in Taxonomy

(e) Criteria of Phylogenetic classification

(f) Taxol

(g) Triple fusion

21. Give the phylogenetic considerations of Gnetum.

22. Describe the role of Anatomy in Taxonomy.

23. Discuss Takhtajan’s principles in evaluating the relative degree of advancement of flowering plants.

24. Write a note on:

(a) Modes of nutrition in fungi.

(b) L.S. female receptacle of Marchantia.

(c) Blue-green algae as biofertilizers.

25. Differentiate between Strobillus of Lycopodium and Selaginella.

26. Write an account of various types of spores found in algae. Give labelled diagrams.

27. Write a short account of the economic importance of algae.

28. Write notes on:

(a) Anatomy of Selaginella root.

(b) Stem anatomy of Equisetum

(c) Sporocarp of Marsilea.

(d) Lenticels-structure and function

(e) Cambium-structure and function

(f) Principles of numerical taxonomy

29. Give suitable answer on the following: (Draw labelled diagrams wherever necessary)

(a) Monosporic embryo sacs

(b) Wood anatomy of Pinus

(c) Ruminate endosperm

(d) Gum arabic and gum ghatti

30. Write what you know on the following:

(a) Somatic hybrids and cybrids

(b) Asexual reproduction in diatoms

(c) Thallus structure in Vaucheria

(d) Sexual reproduction in Fucus

31. Why are bryophytes found only in moist habitats?

32. What are the adaptations for effective dispersal of spores of Funarial

33. Write short notes on:

(a) Internodal anatomy in Equisetum

(b) Phylogenetic affiliations of blue-green algae

34. Draw the basic features of cell structure in prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae, and explain the important differences in the cell organisation.

35. With the help of suitable diagrams, describe the life history of Albugo. (No descriptions).

36. Write an illustrated account of the gametophyte and reproductive structures in Anthoceros.

37. Write a short account of the different types of stele found in pteriodophytes.

38. Write a short note on Algae of food.

39. Distinguish between Stomata and Lenticels.

40. Write what you know on:

(a) Male germ unit.

(b) Embryo development in Paeonia.

(c) Classification of angiosperms by Armen Takhtajan.

41. What are the structural features of guard cells which help in opening and closing of stomata?

42. Write a short note on Interxylary phloem.

43. Differentiate between:

(a) Ascospore and auxopsore.

(b) Archegonium and carpogonium.

44. Write short notes on:

(a) Heterocyst in blue-green algae.

(b) Interferon.

(c) Thallus of Penicillium.

(d) Thallus structure of Saprolegnia.

45. With the help of labelled diagrams only, show the evolutionary trend in the steles of Pteridophyta.

46. Discuss the morphological nature of rhizophore of Selaginella. Draw a neat labelled diagram of T.S. of rhizophore.

47. Mention the important work done by the following botanists:

(a) Prof. S.R. Kashyap

(b) Prof. F.E. Fritsch

(c) Prof. P. Maheshwari

(d) Prof. Birbal Sahni

48. Draw labelled diagrams of the following:

(a) L.S. of Pinus female cone.

(b) Stem anatomy of Gnetum.

(c) T.S. normal root of Cycas.

(d) T.S. young root of Ginkgo biloba.

49. Describe the principles governing the construction of mechanical system in plants.

50. With the help of diagrams differentiate between the following:

(a) Cranial canals and vallecular canals.

(b) Homoiomerous and heteromerous thalli in lichens.

(c) Plectostele and dictyostele.

(d) Structure of Oscillatoria and Nostoc.

51. Critically examine some authors’ concept that the rhizophore can be considered as morphologically a root.

52. With the help of labelled diagrams only depicts the major stages and events in the life cycle of Funaria.

53. Giving suitable examples highlight the economic importance of marine algae.

54. Draw the labelled diagram of stages in sexual reproduction of Penicillium.

55. Describe the salient features of Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification. What are its merits and demerits?

56. Write a short note on vegetative reproduction in bryophytes.

57. In what way does a fungal cell differ from an algal cell?

58. Write briefly about the following:

(a) Origin and evolution of sex in algae.

(b) Columella in bryophytes.

59. Distinguish between the following:

(a) Cleistothecium and Apothecium.

(b) Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes.

60. Comment upon the process of progressive sterilization of sporogenous tissue in bryophytes.

61. Describe the process of Ascus development in Ascomycetes.

62. Write notes on the following:

(a) Progymnosperms

(b) Double fertilization.

61. Draw only the labelled diagrams of the following:

(a) L.S. of an embryo sac

(b) T.S. of Drocaena stem

(c) V.S. of Cycas ovule

(d) Floral diagram of ASclepiadaceae

62. Give an account of the following:

(a) Development of a dicot embryo.

(b) Differences between cycadales and coniferales.

63. Differentiate between the following:

(a) Prokaryote and Eukaryote

(b) Coenobium and Colony

64. Write critical notes on the following:

(a) Hybrid

(b) Herbarium

(c) Major types of embryos with examples.

(d) Anomocytic stomata

(e) Cycas and its importance

(f) Penicillin

(g) Fungicides

65. Draw the scientifically accurate diagrams of the following and label the parts:

(a) Synandrous and syngenesious stamens

(b) Marchantia capsule-vertical section

(c) Bacterial cell-ultrastructure

(d) V.S. of Gnetum ovule

66. Compare Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification with Hutchinson’s system of classification.

67. Discuss the role of Algae in human welfare.

68. Draw a diagram of T.S. of leaf of Typha.

69. Differentiate between normal and abnormal secondary growth in dicot stem. Discuss with suitable examples. Draw labelled diagrams wherever necessary.