1. Explain the following:

(a) Cybrids

(b) Oncogenesis

(c)Totipotency of plants cells

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(d) Adventitive embryogenesis

2. Discuss the molecular basis of host-parasite interaction.

3. Write a short account of host specific toxins.

4. Distinguish between free central placentation and parietal placentation.

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5. Describe the following:

(a) Kranz Syndrome (b) Paraphyses

(c) Trabeculae (d) Totipotency

(e) Somatic hybrids

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6. Give an account of sporocarp in Marsilea and add a note on leaf modification into sporocarp.

7. Discuss about heterospory and seed habit citing suitable examples.

8. Write a note on Cleavage polyembryony.

9. Answer the following:

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(a) Polyembroyony.

(b) What is the role of plasmids in drugs resistance?

(c) Kranz anatomy

(d) Role of synergids in double fertilization.

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(e) Preservation of plant specimens.

(f) Application of protoplast culture.

10. Explain Tunica-corpus theory relating to structural development and differentiation of shoot apex.

11. Write short notes on the following:

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(a) F-factor

(b) Embryo development in Paeonia.

(c) Energy plantations.

(d) Cycadeoidean ‘flower’

(e)Totipotency

12. Distinguish between:

(a) Gametophytic and sporophytic apomixis.

(b) Somatic hybrids and cybrids

(c) Diacytic type and Anisocytic type of stomata

(d) Nutmeg and mace

13. Explain principles of cell, tissue, organ and protoplast cultures. Examine the significance of each for future of mankind.

14. Write short note on concept of totipotency in plants.

15. What is morphogenesis? Why do we need cell culture? Give an account of cell culture and its importance.