The principle or laws of inheritance deduced from Mendel’s experiments always hold good irrespective of the dominant or recessive characters that come from male or female.

The pollination may be made either by dusting of the pollens (male reproductive unit) of the tall plant on the stigma or carpel (female reproductive organ) of dwarf plant or vice versa. Such cross is known as a reciprocal cross. The character of hybrid remains the same.

This type of situation is always true for monoecism plants and hermaphrodite animals. However, in dioeciously plants and animals the reciprocal crosses never yield same result for some characters. The inheritance pattern of such characters depends on the male or female parents, contributing the character(s).

The salient feature of dioeciously plants and hermaphrodite animals is the presence of two different sexual forms. The dioecious individuals have either with male or female sexual apparatus.

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Some of such organisms have separate (special) sex chromosomes. The characters, which show differences in reciprocal crosses are either present on the sex chromosomes or influenced by or depend on the sex of the individual.

So dioecious organisms have characters present on autosomes, which do not show differences in reciprocal crosses and characters present on sex-chromosomes, some of which show differences in reciprocal crosses.