Some important Specialised Agencies of U.N.

International Labour Organisation (ILO): Established in 1919 as an autonomous institution. It has its office for Asia in Bangalore (India) and headquarters in Geneva. It consists of International Labour Conference Governing Body and International Labour Office.

The Conference meets annually. With two delegates from each country, the Governing body is composed of twenty eight Government members, fourteen employers’ representatives and fourteen workers’ representatives from China, France Canada, Federal Republic of Germany, Russia, U.S.A., U.K., Japan, India and Italy. It’s aim is-

(a) To promote social justice.

(b) To improve living conditions.

(c) To promote economic instability.

With motto “Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere.”

Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO): It was established on October 16th, 1945. It has its headquarters in Rome (Italy). It comprises a conference, a council and a staff headed by Director-General. Its aim is-

(a) To raise nutrition levels.

(b) To eliminate hunger particularly from rural areas.

(c) To promote production and distribution of food. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): It was established on

July 29th, 1957 with its headquarters in Vienna, (Austria). Its aim is-

To increase use of atomic energy for the benefit of humanity.

To check the application of atomic energy for military purposes. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

(UNESCO): It was established on Nov. 4th, 1946 with its headquarters in Paris. It consists of General Conference, Executive Board and a Secretariat. Its main aims are:

(a) To contribute to world peace and security by promoting operation among nations through education, science and cultura development. .1

(b) To promote human rights, justice and rule of law without any social or racial distinction.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBK it was established on December 27th, 1945. It has its headquarters Washington D.C. with 178 members. Its basic objective is to foster assistance to member States for productive purposes, with long term 1°

International Maritime Organisation (IMO):

It was established on, 1958. It has its headquarters in London with 129 members. I objective is to promote co-operation in problems of international shipping-

World Meteorological Organisation (WMO):

Conference of irectors of the International Meteorological Organisation (set up in jg73) meeting in Washington in 1947, adopted a convention creating the WMO.

HQ: Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva-2, Switzerland.

World Intellectual Property Rights Organisation (WIPO):

Head Quarters in Geneva. It was established in 1967 and came into force in 1970. It became a specialised agency of the U.N. in December 1994. Its basic aim is to promote the world-wide protection of both industrial property and copyright material.

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF):

It was established in 1946 with its headquarters in New York. It is the only U.N. Organisation established for welfare of children and pregnant mothers all over the world. It aims to provide better nutrition and medical care for children.

World Health Organisation (WHO):

It was established in 1948 with its headquarters in Geneva and regional offices in New Delhi. It aims at the complete social, mental and physical well-being of people in the world. For this, it promotes research in the field of health and social hygiene.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP):

It was established in 19^5 with its headquarters in New York. Its basic aim is to help developing countries add to their wealth producing capabilities by providing experts or training. Its total membership is 128 countries.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP):

It was established in 1972, with its headquarters in Nairobi (Kenya). Its basic aim is to provide machinery for international co-operation in matters relating to the human environment.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO):

It has its headquarters in Vienna. It aims to help developing countries to expand and modernize their industries by exploiting the maximum human and natural resources.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR):

It was established in 1950 with its head office in Geneva. It aims to provide Protection to refugees and to seek permanent solution to their problems.

United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA):

It was tab shed in 1969 with its headquarters in New York. It aims to find

^Ways to check population and to educate the people in developing Entries for the same.

International Telecommunication Union (ITU):

The International Telegraph Union, founded in Paris in 1865, and the International Radiotelegraph Union, founded in Berlin in 1906, were merged by the Madrid Convention of 1932 to form the ITU.

HQ: Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva-20, Switzerland. International Monetary Fund (IMF):

It was established ₀ December 27th, 1945 with its headquarters in Washington D.C. It ” to remove artificial barriers hindering international trade, to stabilise and promote international exchange and finally to help its member countries to overcome the disequilibrium in their balance of payments. i II International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) : It _Was established on April 4th, 1947 with its headquarters in Montreal (Canada) It aims to ensure safe and orderly growth of civil aviation and to encourage development in aircraft technology. .1KH

International Finance Corporation (IFC):

It was established on July 20th, 1956 with its headquarters in Washington D.C. It aims to encourage private investments to under-developed countries for their fast economic development.

Universal Postal Union (UPU):

It was established in 1874 with it’s headquarter in Berne (Switzerland). It aims to improve postal services and international collaboration in the field of correspondence. It also fixes the charges and weight limits of correspondence. ‘

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD):

Established in December 1977, 160 member. IFAD is a dollar one billion fund which is used for raising food production in developing countries, employing poor and landless farmers, and reducing malnutrition in the Third World countries. The fund is a major joint project of the industrialised countries, the petroleum exporting developing countries and the recipient developing countries. The total membership of IFAD is 160 countries.

International Development Association (IDA):

Established on September 24, 1960, IDA is an affiliate of the World Bank and has the same officers and staff as the Bank. It has 158 members and it concentrates its assistance on those countries with an annual per capita gross national product of less than $ 520 (1975). Its main object is to help the underdeveloped countries in the taste of raising their living standards. Headquarters: Washington, D.C.) 19

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA):

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) was formally set up in April 1988. It has 128 members and an additional 16 were in the process of joining, having already signed the MIGA Convention. MIGA helps money to flow from private investors to developing countries even during war and civil disturbances. “

United Nations. Commissioner for Human Rights (UNCHR) } Established on 18 February 1956, this ECOSOC organisation deals with human rights problems all over the world.