70 Objective Questions on Zoology Part-2 (Civil Service Examination)

98. The sensation of fatigue in the muscles after prolonged strenuous physical work is caused by [2000]

(a) a decrease in the supply of oxygen

(b) minor wear and tear of muscle fibres

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(d) the accumulation of lactic acid

99. A small pouch containing silica gel is often found in bottles of medicine in tablet or powder form because silica gel [2000]

(a) kills bacteria

(b) kills germs and spores

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(d) absorbs all gases present inside the bottle

100. In the eye donation, which part of the eye is transplanted from the donor? [2001]

(a) Cornea (b) Lens

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101. A man whose blood group is not known meets with a serious accident and needs blood transfusion immediately. Which one of the blood groups mentioned below and readily available in the hospital will be safe for transfusion? [2001]

(a) 0,Rh^– (b) O, Rh⁺

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102. “Metastasis” is the process by which [2001]

(a) cells divide rapidly under the influence of drugs

(b) cancer cells spread through the blood or lymphatic system to other sites or organs

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(d) cancer cells are successfully inhibited to divide any further

103. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists [2001]

List-1 (Substance) List-II (Physiological role)

A. Ptyalin 1. Converts angiotensinogen

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in blood into angiotensin

B. Pepsin 2. Digests starch

C. Renin 3. Digests proteins

D. Oxytocin 4. Hydrolyses fats

5. Induces contraction of smooth muscles

(a) A-2; B-3; C- 1; D-5

(b) A-3; B-4; C-2; D-5

(d) A-3; B-1; C -2; D-4

104. Antigen is a substance which [2001]

(a) destroys harmful bacteria

(b) is used to treat poisoning

(d) stimulates formation of antibody

105. Which of the following cell organelles play the most significant role in protein synthesis? [2001]

(a) Lysosome and Centrosome

(b) Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosome

(d) Lysosome and Mitochondria

106. The cellular and molecular control of programmed cell death is known as [2001]

(a) apoptosis (b) ageing

107. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below [2001]

List-I (Bone) List-II (Name)

A. Breast-bone 1. Clavicle

B. Collar-bone 2. Patella

C. Knee-cap 3. Scapula

D. Shoulder blade 4. Sternum Codes:

(a) A-4;B-1;C-3;D-2

(b) A-1;B-4;C-3;D-2

(d) A-4;B-1;C-2;D-3

108. Consider the following statements [2001]

1. Tapeworm is a hermaphrodite.

2. Round-worm has separate sexes.

3. Filaria is caused by a nematode.

4. Guinea-worm is an annelid. Which of these are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1,2 and 3

109. In the context of organic evolution, the loss of limbs in snakes is explained by the phenomenon of [2Q02]

(a) use and disuse of organs

(b) adaptation to living in burrows

(d) inheritance of acquired characters

110. When one gene controls two or more different characters simultaneously, the phenomenon is called [2002]

(a) apomixis (b) pleiotropy

111. With reference to the human body, consider the following statements: [2002]

1. The production of somatotropin goes up when a person exercises.

2. Men’s testes produce progesterone.

3. Women’s adrenal glands secrete testosterone. 4., Stress causes the adrenals to release very less amount of Cortisol than usual, which of the these statements are correct?

(a) 1,2,3 and4 (b) 1,2and3

112. Foot and Mouth disease in animals, a current epidemic in some parts of the world, is caused by [2002]

(a) bacterium (b) fungus

113. Which one of the following statements is not correct? [2002]

(a) All echinoderms are viviparous.

(b) Roundworm has no circulatory system.

(d) In cartilaginous fishes, fertilization is internal.

114. Which one of the following statements is correct? [2002]

(a) Prions are the smallest free-living cells.

(b) The cell wall of Mycoplasma is made up of amino sugars

(d) Rickettsias lack cell wall

115. Assertion (A): Drinking of whisky increases the frequency of urination.

Reason (R) : Alcohol intake speeds up the secretion of vasopressin in the body. [2002]

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A

(d) A is false but R is true

116. Assertion (A): Human diet should compulsarily contains glycine, serine and tyrosine.

Reason (R): Essential amino acids can not be synthesized in the human body. [2002]

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A

C. A is true both R is false

D. A is false but R is true

117. Among living organisms, which one of the following is the most responsible factor for bringing about the origin of a new species? [2002]

(a) Isolation (b) Mutation

118. Ticks and mites are actually [2002]

(a) Arachnids (b) Crustaceans

119. With reference to the blood in a normal person, which one of the following statements is correct? [2002]

(a) Compared to arteries, veins are less numerous and hold less of the body’s blood at any given time

(b) Blood cells constitute about 70 percent of the total volume of the blood

The blood has more platelets than WBC Octopus is [2003]

(a) an arthropod (b) an echinoderm

121. Consider the following conditions of a sick human body [2003]

Swollen lymph nodes Sweating at night Loss of memory Loss of weight Which of these are symptoms of AIDS?

(a) 1 and2 (b) 2,3 and 4

122. Consider the following animals of India: [2003]

1. Crocodile 2. Elephant

Which of these is/are endangered species?

(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2

123. With reference to the work of human kidney, consider the following statements [2003]

1. After the waste is removed in the kidney, the clean blood is sent back through renal artery.

2. From Bowman’s capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2

124. Which one of the following statements is not correct? [2003]

(a) Milk contains none of the fl-vitamins.

(b) Vitamin-A(retinol) deficiency leads to dry and scaly skin.

(d) Vitamin B₁ (thiamine) deficiency can lead to heart failure.

125. With reference to normal human beings, consider the following statements: [2003]

1. In response to the presence of HC1, secretin is produced from the duodenum.

2. Enterogastrone is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty acids.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2

126. Consider the following statements: [2004]

1. Non-functioning of lachrymal gland is an important symptom of deficiency of Vitamin A.

2. Deficiency of Vitamin B, can lead to indigestion and heart enlargement.

3. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to pain in the muscles.

4. Deficiency of Vitamin D causes increased loss of Ca⁺⁺ in urine.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and2 (b) 2,3and4

127. The hormone insulin is a [2004]

(a) glycolipid (b) fatty acid

128. Consider the following statements: [2004]

1. Toothless mammals such as Pangolins are not found in India.

2. Gibbon is the only ape found in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

129. In which organ of the human body, lymphocyte cells formed? [2004]

(a) Liver (b) Long bone

130. Assertion (A): Fatty acids should be a part of the balanced human diet.

Reason (R): The cells of the human body can not synthesize any fatty acids. [2004]

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and Rare individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false but R is true

131. Consider the following statements:

1. Femur is the longest bone in the human body.

2. Cholera is a disease caused by bacteria.

3. ‘Athlete’s foot’ is a disease caused by virus. Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3

132. Consider the following statements: [2005]

1. Dengue is a protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitoes.

2. Retro-orbital pain is not a symptom of dengue.

3. Skin rash and bleeding from nose and gums are some of the symptoms of dengue.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 only

133. Which of the following diseases of milking animals are infectious? [2005]

1. Foot and mouth disease

2. Anthrax

3. Black Quarter

4. Cowpox

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4

134. Assertion (A) : All the proteins in our food are digested in small intestine only.

Reason (R): The protein-digesting enzyme from pancreas are released into small intestine. [2005]

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and Rare individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false but R is true

135. Assertion (A): Amoeba reproduces by fission.

Reason (R): All unicellular organisms reproduce by asexual methods. [2005]

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and Rare individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false but R is true

136. Assertion (A) : The person with Diabetes insipidus feels thirsty.

Reason (R) : A person with Diabetes insipidus suffers from excess secretion of vasopressin. [2005]

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and Rare individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false but R is true

137. Pneumoconiosis affects the workers who work mainly in [2005]

(a) Tanneries (b) Coal mining industry

138. Consider the following statements with reference to the human body: [2006]

1. The common bile duct releases its contents into stomach.

2. The pancreatic duct releases its contents into duodenum.

Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

139. Which one among the following is not a good source of nutritional calcium? [2006]

(a) Rice (b) Ragi

140. Consider the following statements: [2006]

1. Caffeine, a constituent of tea and coffee is a diuretic.

2. Citric acid is used in soft drinks.

3. Ascorbic acid is essential for formation of bones and teeth.

4. Citric acid is a good substitution ascorbic acid in our nutrition.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1,2 and 3 only

141. Consider the following statements: [2006]

1. ELISA test is employed as the first and most basic test for an individual to detect cancer.

2. Almost 50% of human beings have Rh⁺ blood while the remaining have Rh^– blood.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

142. What is the name of the vessel that delivers the nutrient/ rich blood from the stomach and small intestine to the liver? [2006]

(a) Left hepatic artery (b) Hepatic vein

143. Consider the following statements with reference to human body: [2006]

1. The common bile duct releases its contents into stomach.

2. The pancreatic duct releases its contents into duodenum.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

144. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

[2006]

Recent Scientific Achievement

(a) Creating the world first mouse with a full human chromosome

(b) Cloning a human embryo for the first time

(d) Landing a spacecraft on an asteroid

Country

U.K.

Germany

U.S.A.

Japan

145. Consider the following statements:

1. Meningococcal Meningitis is transmitted from person to person by mosquito bites.

2. Vomiting and neck pain are two of the symptoms of Meningococcal Meningitis.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

146. Robert Webster is known for his work associated with which one of the following? [2007]

(a) Cardiology (b) Influenza virus

147. In the human body, which structure is the appendix attached to? [2007]

(a) The large intestine (b) The small intestine

148. In human body, which one of the following hormones regulates blood calcium and phosphate? [2007]

(a) Glucagon (b) Growth hormone

149. How do most insects respire? [2007]

(a) Through skin (b) Through gills

150. In human beings, normally in which one of the following parts, does the sperm fertilize the ovum? [2007]

(a) Cervix

(b) Fallopian tube

(d) Upper part of uterus

151. Which one of the following parts of the human brain is the regulating centre for swallowing and vomiting? [2007]

(a) Cerebellum (b) Cerebrum

152. Production of which one of the fallowing is a function of the liver? [2007]

(a) Lipase (b) Urea

153. Which one of the following is not a digestive enzyme in the human system? [2007]

(a) Trypsin (b) Gastrih

154. Which one of the following is the correct sequence in the order of decreasing length of the three structural parts given below of small intestine in the human body? [2007]

(a) Jejunum – Duodenum – Ileum

(b) Ileum – Duodenum – Jejunum

(d) Ileum – Jejunum – Duodenum

155. In which of the following kinds of organisms is the phenomenon found wherein the female kills the male after copulation? [2008]

(a) Dragonfly (b) Honeybee

156. For which one of the following snakes is the diet mainly composed of other snakes? [2008]

(a) Krait (b) Russell’s viper

157. What is the pH level of blood of a normal person? [2008]

(a) 4.5-4.6 (b) 6.45-6.55

158. Assertion (A): In human body, liver has important role in fat digestion.

Reason (R): Liver produces two important fat-digesting enzymes. [2008]

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and Rare individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false but R is true

159. Among the following, which one lays eggs and does not produce young ones directly? [2008]

(a) Echidna (b) Kangaroo

160. The release of which one of the following into ponds and wells helps in controlling the mosquitoes? [2008]

(a) Crab (b) Dogfish

161. Among the following, which one is not an ape? [2008]

(a) Gibbon (b) Gorilla

163. In the context of Indian wild life, the flying fox is a [2009]

(a) Bat (b) Kite

164. With reference to the evolution of living organisms, which one of the following sequences is correct? [2009]

(a) Octopus-Dolphin-Shark

(b) Pangolin-Tortoise-Hawk

(d) Frog-Crab-Prawn

165. The Panda belongs to the same family as that of [2009]

(a) Bear (b) Cat

166. The marine animal called Dugong which is vulnerable to extinction is [2009]

(a) Amphibian (b) Bony fish

167. Widespread resistance of malarial parasite to drugs like chloroquine has prompted attempts to develop a malarial vaccine to combat malaria. Why is it difficult to develop an effective malaria vaccine? [2010]

(a) Malaria is caused by several species of Plasmodium

(b) Man does not develop immunity to malaria during natural infection

(d) Man is only an intermediate host and not the definitive host.

168. Consider the following statements: [2010]

1. Hepatitis B is several times more infectious than HIV/AIDS

2. Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer

Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Hints & Solutions

98. (d) Fatigue is caused by excess anaerobic metabolism, which results in production of excess lactic acid. This lactic acid causes the muscle pain.

99. (c) Silica gel granule is a network of inter-connecting microscopic pores, which attract and hold moisture by the phenomena known as absorption.

100. (a) Cornea is transparent, dome shaped surface of eye, that accounts for a large part of eye’s focusing power. Cornea transplant can restore vision, reduce pain and improve the appearance of a damaged or diseased cornea.

101. (b) Because blood group ‘O’ is an universal donor. There is neither A and B antigen on red blood cells of’O¹ blood group.

102. (b) Metastasis is the spread of cancer from its primary site to other places in the body (i.e. brain, liver). Cancer cells can break away from a primary tumour, penetrate in to lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the blood stream and grow to a normal tissues in the body.

103. (a)

104. (d) Antigen is a foreign molecule, which invade the body of organism, and induce immune response to stimulate antibody.

105. (b) Ribosome and Endoplasmic reticulum are main site for protein synthesis. Ribosome, which serve as staging area where some RNA helps in protein synthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum is an irregular, double membrane network scattered in cytoplasm, also helps in protfein synthesis.

106. (a)

i. Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis occurs during normal cell turnover, development and in immune system.

ii. Ageing is the accumulation of changes. Degeneration is the deterioration of a tissue or an organ in which its function is diminished or its structure impaired.

iii. Necrosis is the disorganized break down of flesh in some part of the body of multicellular organism.

107. (d)

108. (b)

i. Tape worms are hermaphrodite (both male and female reproductive organ present). Round worms are unisexual (separate sex).

ii. Filaria is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti which is a parasitic nematode

iii. Guinea worm is a long and very thin nematode, not an annelid.

109. (a) In organic evolution, Lamarck believed that any particular part of the body that is put into more frequent use, has tendency to develop stronger and better while that part of body which is put into less or no use has tendency to gradually disappear. So, loss of limbs in snake is an example of use and disuse of organs.

110. (c)

i. Polyploidy occurs in cells and organisms when there are more than two paired (homologous) set of chromosome founds which controls more than one characters simultaneously.

ii. Apomixis is the process of asexual reproduction in which the embryo grow from egg cells without being fertilized.

iii. Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.

iv. Polytene is a giant chromosomes found in some two-winged flies.

111. (d)

i. Testes of man produce hormone testosterone and progesterone hormone is secreted by ovary of woman.

ii. Adrenal hormone releases the hormone less amount of Cortisol for avoid stress.

112. (d) Foot and mouth disease in animals (hoof and mouth disease) is a viral infection affecting cloven hoofed domestic and wild animals. The viruses belong to the same family picornaviridae.

113. (a) The sexes are separate except few echinoderm species. There is no sexual dimorphism. Fertilization is ext and few forms are viviparous.

114. (c) Viroids are plant pathogens that consists of a short stretch of highly complementary, circular, single- stranded RNA molecule.

i. Prion is an infectious agent composed primarily of protein.

ii. Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack of cell wall.

iii. Rickettsias possess cell wall.

115. (a) Urination can be induced within some minutes after a person consumes alcohol, because when the kidney filters the waste, the capillaries constricts and affects the filtering ability of kidney. When the body needs to conserve water, the pituitary gland excretes a hormone called vasopressin, which causes the nephron filters to become permeable retaining more water in the blood stream and allowing less water to be excreted in the urine.

116. (a) Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized from other precursors, whereas non-essential amino acid synthesized in the body. Glycine, serine and tyrosine are non essential amono acids.

117. (a) Origin of new species depends on isolation of gene flow between new species and develop significant genetic divergence.

118. (a) Ticks and mites are categorized under order Arachnids of phylum Arthopoda of animal kingdom.

119. (d) Blood has more platelets than corpuscles. A microlitre of blood contains 5,000-10,000 of White blood cells (WBC) and 150,000-500,000 platelets.

120. (d) Octopus is an animal of class-Cephalopoda and phylum Mollusca. The shell is absent. It is found at bottom of the sea. It kills its prey with poisonous saliva. It can change its colour.

121. (d) AIDS is a viral disease. In this disease the immune system weakens and the body becomes prone to different type of infection by pathogens. Sweating at night, swollen lymph nodes, loss of memory and loss of weight are also symptoms of AIDS.

122. (a) Only crocodile is kept in the Red book or endangered species list.

123. (b) A nephron consists of a network of tiny blood vessels, the glomerulus surrounded by Bowman’s capsule. Pressure forces much of the blood plasma through the glomerulus and into Bowman’s capsule. The resulting tubular fluid, which contains water and dissolved chemicals then passes into convoluted tubule and loop of Henle. This capillary network provides a mean for pick up and delivery of materials that are reabsorbed and secreted by the kidney.

124. (a) Milk contains vitamin B₁, (Thiamin) and vitamin B₂ (riboflavin). So, statement (a) is not correct.

125. (c) Both the statement is correct.

i. HCI is secreted, providing an acid medium for pepsin action and kill most bacteria and helps in digestion of food. When the food enters in duodenum (small intestine), secretin is produced by intestine that stimulates pancreas for pancreatic juice secretion.

ii. Enterogastrone is produced in small intestine.

126. (d) Lachrymal is a tear produced gland which does not function due to deficiency of vitamin -A. Deficiency of vitamin – B, causes loss ofappetite, heart disorders, muscular weakness etc.

127. (c) Insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids. Insulin secrets from pancreas (Islets of Langerhans).

128. (b) Gibbon is the only ape found in rain forests of Assam in India, whereas Pangolins are found in tropical Asia and Africa.

129. (b) Lymphocytes are the cells that determine the specificity of the immune response to infectious microorganisms and other foreign substances. In humans lymphocytes make up 25 to 33% of the total number of leukocytes. They are found in central lymphoid organs and tissues such as the spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes and large bones.

130. (c) Assertion is true because a balance diet is a diet which contains the correct amount of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. But the reason is false, because human body cells synthesize various fatty acids except iinoleic and linolenic fatty acids.

131. (a)

i. The largest bone in human body is femur.

ii. Cholera is caused by a bacteria Vibrio cholerae,

iii. Athlete’s foot disease is caused by parasific fungus of genus Trichophyton.

132. (b) Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquito. The symptoms of disease are characterized by high fever, severe muscle pain, joint pain and rashes in body.

133. (c) Black Quarter is a disease which is found in horse.

134. (d) Assertion is false because protein digestion occurs in stomach and small intestine. But reason is true because the proteolytic enzyme from pancreas secretion immediately enters to small intestine from the stomach.

135. (a) Assertion is correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Amoeba is a unicellular animal. It reproduces by the process of asexual reproduction. Fission is one of the processes of asexual reproduction, where amoeba divides in half to produce off spring.

136. (c) Assertion is correct but the reason is false.

Deficiency of vasopressin results Diabetes insipidus. In this disease the patients produce enormous quantities of dilute urine and the patient consequently feels thirsty.

137. (b) Pneumoconiosis is a respiratory disease caused by the inhaling various type of dust, such as coal dust, silica dust, asbestos dust etc. So, it is very common in workers of coal mining industries and related industries.

138. (b) Bile duct and pancreatic duct both releases its contents into duodenum. The digestive enzyme (pancreatic juices) releases to duodenum from pancreatic duct.

139. (b) Ragi contains only 344 mg of calcium and in 100 gm of ragi protein is 7.3 gm., fat 1.3 gm, fibre 3.6 gms, carbohydrates 72 gms, moisture 13.1 gm.

140. (b) Caffeine also spelled caffei is most commonly consumed by humans in infusions extracted from the bean of the coffee plant and the leaves of the tea bush, as well as from various foods and drinks containing products derived from the kola nut. Acids are added to soft drinks for extra bite and mouth feel. The primary acid used in colas is phosphoric acid, while the one used in citrus flavoured drinks is usually citric acid. Citric acid is a good substitution of ascorbic acid as per nutritional value.

141. (d)

142. (d)

143. (b)

144. (b)

145. (b)

146. (b) Robert Webster is a scientist, his interests include the structure and function of influenza virus proteins and development of new vaccines and antivirals.

147. (a) Appendix is attached to the first portion of large intestine. The appendix has no function in modern human.

148. (c) Parathyroid hormone secrets from parathyroid gland. This hormone regulates calcium and phosphate level in blood. Parathyroid hormone raises the level of calcium in the blood and decreases the level of phosphorous in the blood.

149. (d) Most insects respire through tracheal system that lies on a network of small tubes that channel 0₂ directly to the different part of the body. The tracheal system is composed of chitin-ringed tubes called trachea that connect directly to the air through opening in the body wall called spiracles.

150. (b) Fallopian tube is a tube like structure that carries egg from the ovary to uterus. In this tube the sperm meets to ovum and fertilization occurs.

151. (c) The bottom part of the brain stem is called the Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata has nerve centres to control many vital body processes like swallowing, vomiting, breathing and heart beat etc.

152. (b) Urea is the main nitrogenous excretory product of Ureotelic animals, produced by liver cells from de-aminated excess amino-acids via the urea cycle.

153. (b) Gastrin is a hormone, which stimulates secretion of digestive enzyme in stomach. Trypsin, Pepsin and Ptyline are the digestive enzymes of human system.

154. (d) The correct sequence in the order of decreasing length of the three structural parts are Ileum – Jejunum – Duodenum of small intestine.

155. (a) Female dragonfly kills the male after copulation because dragonflies copulate for a prolonged period of time, the male can grasp her and mate with her before female oviposits is the most likely to fertilize the eggs that are laid.

156. (c) Rattle snake eats small snakes, mice, lizards, birds and insects. The average snake will consume 2-3 times its own weight in various food items during the spring to fall months when the snake is away from its winter den. A snake swallows its prey in one piece.

157. (c) Blood is slightly alkaline and the pH of blood varies from 7.35-7.45.

158. (a) Liver is the largest and most complex organ in body.The important function of liver is bile secretion an¹ digestion of fat. The fat digesting enzymes are lip and bile.

159. (d) Whales are viviparous, they give birth to live young some whales lay eggs. Like all mammals, whale calves are nourished with milk from their mothers.

160. (c) Gambusia affinis is an larvivorous fish. This fish is released into ponds and wells to controlling the mosquitoes by eating mosquito larvae, insects and crustaceans.

161. (c) Gibbon, Gorilla and Orangutan are apes, but Langur is not an ape, it is prosimians.

163. (b) Flying fox is categorized in Kite in the context of Indian wild life.

164. (c) According to evolution of living organisms Salamander-Python-Kangaroo, because the evolution started from amphibians 350 million years ago, reptiles appeared 300 million years ago and 200 million years ago first small mammals appeared.

165. (a) Panda and bear belongs to family Ursidae. Pandas are medium sized bears. Of all the endangered bear species they have the most distinguished colour combination.

166. (d) Dugong is a large marine mammal. Dugong has a fusiform body with no dorsal fin or hind limbs, instead of possessing paddle. Dugong is heavily dependent on seagrass for subsistence. Dugong bear one calf at a time after an approximately 13 month gestation.

167. (b) It is difficult to develop an effective malaria vaccine, because repeated natural infection does not produce detectable resistance to exo-erythrocytic cycle of malaria in man.

168. (c) Hepatitis-B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It can cause chronic liver disease and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhoris of liver and liver cancer. Hepatitis-B virus is transmitted between people by contact with blood or other body fluid of a contact with the blood or other body fluid.