Naxalite terrorism in India was inspired by the Chinese revolution under Mao Tse-Tung. It was based on an ideology. Communist thought of Mao Tse-Tung, which proclaimed its aim of the establishment of a system based on socio-economic justice. It is opposed to democratic politics and propagates the principle of people’s revolution.

People’s War Group (PWG) and Maoistic Communist Centre (MCC) are the two main organisations working for it.

The insurgency in the North-East began from Nagaland. However, it was subsided when Nagaland had been declared as state in 1963. But still, the demand for a sovereign state of Nagaland is being supported by certain people and it perpetuates insurgency in Nagaland and the adjoining areas. The National Council of Nagaland (NSCN) a militant outfit is still active in Nagaland, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh.