The constitutional position, powers and functions of the President of the Indian Union are laid down in Part V of the Indian Constitution. He is the supreme executive of the Indian Union. He exercises his power either directly or through officers under him. He is also the supreme command of the defence forces. The powers of the President may be stated as follows: (1) Executive Powers and Functions : All the ministers including the Prime Minister are appointed by him.
And they hold office during the pleasure of the President.’ The President also appoints the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts. The Chairman and the members of the Union Public Service Commission is also appointed by him. In short, all administrative functions are done in the name of the President.
(2) Legislative Powers and Functions: The President has the power to give his assent or withhold assent and return the bill to the House from which the bill was-sent to him. When the Parliament was not in session, the President may promulgate Ordinances. Besides, the Parliament is summoned, prorogued and dissolved by the President.
The President also nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha and also a few members to the Lokh Sabha. (3) Financial Powers: A finance bill cannot be placed before the Parliament unless it obtains the recommendation of the President. He also causes to place the annual budget to the Parliament. (4) Judicial Powers and Functions: The President has the power to grant pardons, respite or remission of punishment. He may also reduce the sentence of punishment. The President may also consult the Supreme Court in constitutional matters or any other matter involving question of law.