1. Who were the Aryans?

Ans. It has been proved that sometime in the past Indians and Europeans probably shared a common home somewhere in central Asia, in the region around the Caspean Sea. The people of these areas were called Aryans.

2. Where did the Aryans at first settle in India?

Ans. Punjab.

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3. From where the Aryans came to India?

Ans. Central Asia.

4. What were the earliest literatures of the Aryans?

Ans. Vedas.

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5. How many Vedas are there?

Ans. Four the Rigveda, the Samaveda, the Vajurveda and the Athervaveda.

6. Which one of the Vedas is the oldest?

Ans. The Rigveda, it has 1028 mantras or hymns.

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7. What are the Brahmans?

The Brahmans are Aryans, religious literatures. These are treatise on the Vedas. They are in prose and explain the hymns of the Vedas to the common people.

8. What are the Aranyakas?

The Aranyakrs are the concluding parts of the Brahmans. They were specially written for the hermits living in the forests.

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9. What are the Upanishads?

Ans. The Upanishads deal with the philosophical questions such as the true nature of god and soul.

10. What are the Puranas?

Ans. The puranas were the old religious books of the Aryans. They are 18 in number. The Bhagwat Puranas and the Vishnu Puranas are the important.

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11. What are the epics?

Ans. The Ramayan and the Mahabharat are the two great epics of the Aryans.

12.Who did compose the Ramayana?

Ans. Rishi Valmiki. This epic describes the life and the great, deeds of Lord Rama.

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13. Who wrote the Mahabharat?

Ans. Rishi Vyas. This epic describes the war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas.

14. What type of book is ‘Ashtadhyayi’ and who wrote it?

Ans. Ashtadhyayi is a famous book on Sanskrit grammar, Panini wrote this book.

15. What does the word Vid’ mean?

Ans. Knowledge.

16. On which river bank the Rigveda had been written?

Ans. Saraswati River.

17. During the Vedic period which river was considered to be the most sacred one? Ans. Saraswati River.

18.The Rigveda is divided into ten Mandalas. Which Manda are the oldest?

Ans. The second and the seventh Mandalas.

19. For what most of the wars of Aryans were fought?

Ans. For cows.

20. Who was the head of a family during Vedic period?

Ans. Grihapati.

21. What was the Gram (village) during Vedic period?

Ans. Several families grouped together and formed a gram.

22. Who was the head of the Gram during Vedic period?

Ans. Gramini.

23. What was the Vish (clan) during Vedic period?

Ans. A group of villages was known as Vish.

24.Who was the headman of the Vish?

Ans. Vishpati.

25. What was the Jana during vedic period?

Ans. Many Vish joined together and formed a Jana or a

26 Who was the headman of a Jana or tribe?

Ans. Rajan (king).

27. Who was the adviser of the king during the Vedic period?

Ans. Purohit.

28. Who was the commander of the army during Vedic period?

Ans. Senani.

29. Who were the two great Purohits during Vedic period?

Ans. Vashishtha and Visvamitra.

30. Who was the group leader of the warrior during Vedic period?

Ans. Gramini, he also helped the king in the administration of the villages.

31.What was the Sabha during Vedic period?

Ans. It was an advising assembly of the king. It was the council of elders who used to give advice to the king.

32. What was the Samiti during Vedic period?

Ans. It was an advising assembly of the king and it was the national assembly of the whole people.

33. What were the agricultural products during Vedic period?

Ans. Barley, wheat and rice.

34. Which were the most popular dieties of the early Aryans?

Ans. Indira and Varuna.

35. Which gods became prominent during later Vedic age?

Ans. Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Rama and Krishna.

36. In how many Varnas the Aryan Society was divided?

Ans. Four Vamas the Brahmanas, the Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas and the Sudras.

37. What were the main foods of the Aryans?

Ans. Wheat, barley, milk and milk products were the main food­stuffs of the Aryans.

38. What liquor, the Aryans took as drink during religious ceremonies and festive occasions?

Ans. Somaras.

39. What was the position of women during the early Vedic Period?

Ans. The women enjoyed a high status in society. There was an-system and no child-marriage. Widow remarriage was allowed sati system did not exist,

40. What was the position of women during later Vedic period?

Ans. During the later Vedic period women lost much of their position and privileges enjoyed during early Vedic period.

41. For how many years the early vedic period lasted?

Ans. For 500 years. (1500 B.C. to 1000 B.C.)

42.For how many years the later vedic period lasted?

Ans. For 400 years. (1000 B.C. to 600 B.C.)

43. During the Vedic period whether women were allowed to attend the Sabha and Samiti or not ?

Ans. Women were not allowed to attend these councils.

44. Who were the Indo-Aryans?

Ans. The-Aryans who came to India, are known as Indo-Aryans,

45. Who was the maker of Vedic Civilization?

Ans. Aryans.

46. Why Vedic Civilization is also known as Aryan- Civilization?

Ans. Because the Aryans were the maker of this civilization.

47.What kind of civilization was Vedic Civilization?

Ans. Rural civilization.

48.What is the source of information about Vedic Civilization?

Ans. The Rigveda.

49.What does the term ‘Aryan’ mean?

Ans. The great.

50. From which source the information about Vedic Civilization has been established?

Ans. The Rigveda.

51. Which language was used by Indo-Aryans?

Ans. Sanskrit.

52. In which language the Vedas have been written?

Ans. Sanskrit.

53. Which animal had maximum influence during vedic period?

Ans. Horse.

54. Accompanying which animal did the Aryans came to India?

Ans. Horse.

55. Which metal the Aryans had invented?

Ans Iron

56. From which source “Satyameva Jayate” has been derived?

Ans. Mundkopanishad.