Short notes on the surgical methods of controlling conception

A. Vasectomy (in men):

Vasectomy refers to cutting and rejoining the vas deferens through which the sperms move. As a result, a block is created and sperms do not reach urethra even though semen s produced. Vasec­tomy is a minor surgical procedure for men does not require hospitaliza­tion.

B. Tubectomy (in women):

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In this method which is a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia, the abdomen of the woman is opened and the fallopian tubes of both ovaries are cut and ligated (tied) again. This pre­vents the movement of the ovum beyond the tied end of the fallopian tube. As tubectomy requires hospitalization, it is best done after delivery when the women will be in hospital any way. Tubectomy should not be done on pregnant women.

Sterilization surgery is not irreversible. In male and female (when neces­sary) it is possible to join the severed vas deferens and fallopian tube to allow conception.

C. Laproscopy (in women):

In this method an instrument called laproscope is introduced through the abdomen with the help of a small cut near the naval. The instrument is taken into the fallopian tubes (it is possible to see the internal organs through the laproscope) and the tubes are tied or their lumen is sealed.

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Laproscopy is a very simple and effective procedure when compared to tubectomy as it does not involve opening of the abdomen it can be done under local anesthesia and needs one hour of hospitalization and can be done any time. Usually laproscopy is done after the 5th day of menstrua­tion and not during the middle period of the cycle.