At the time of the proclamation of Republic in Turkey, Kemal Pasha also declared six fundamental principles of his government. They were as under:

(i) The monarchy would be abolished and the Republic would be established in the real sense of the term.

(ii) The policy of nationalism would be adopted by the government. Kemal Pasha clearly declared:

“All those persons who live in Turkey, speak the Turkish language, follow the Turkish ideals, obey the Turkish laws and regard Turkey as their own nation, would be considered the citizens of Turkey.”

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(iii) Sovereignty of the people would be accepted.

(iv) The large-scale industries would be nationalized in the interest of the nation.

(v) A slow but steady development of the country would be undertaken.

(vi) Turkey would be declared a secular state.

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These principles were implemented strictly. Restrictions in the religious field were removed. In 1924, Kemal Pasha abolished the Caliphate and declared the freedom of religion to everybody. Schevill remarks:

“By abolishing a year later the Caliphate also, it broke as emphatically with the Turkish religious past, for let it not be forgotten that the Sultan of the former Ottoman empire was also the Caliph of the Moslem World and regarded by virtue of this office as the successor of the prophet Mohammed, much as the Pope is held by Roman Catholics to be the successor of Christ.”