What were the Causes and Historical Background in Chinese Revolution Of 1949?

In the late twenties three prominent communist leaders, Ho Lung, Yeh Ping and Chu Teh withdrew to the province of Kiangsi and made some reforms according to their theories. At the same time Kuomintang leaders led several military campaigns against the communists and they were forced to leave Kiangsi and retreat to Shenshi.

They founded a socialist state at Shenshi and Yenan was made the capital. When Jap invaded China, a pact was concluded between the Nanking government of China and communists for mutual help against Japan. However, Chiang always regarded communists to be the staunch enemies.

On other hand, in the meanwhile, the communists endeavoured their best to enlarge their sphere of influence and by March 1945 they could establish their sway over some of the Japanese territories.

In spite of the efforts made by both the parties to strengthen their respective position, the internal conflict continued between the two. T friction became all the more serious with the collapse of Japan as everyone wanted to occupy the territory of the vanquished.

Thus, aim a civil war broke out between Kuomintang and the Communists However, with the intervention of American Ambassador, Mao Tse Tung agreed to hold talks with Chiang Kai-shek at Chunking and an agreement was signed between the two.

General Marshall, a special envoy of U.SA played a very prominent role in this agreement. A committee was formed consisting of the representatives of the National Government, the Communists and the United States so that the truce could be observed.

Owing to the efforts of the committee in February 1946 an agreement was signed, according to which both the National government and the communists agreed to make drastic reduction of armies but soon differences cropped up between the nationalists and the communists regarding the structure of the government which was to be set up under the new constitution.

The Kuomintang was in favour of strong Central government while the Communists believed in the decentralization and provincial autonomy. Hence no settlement could be arrived at due to differences between the two groups.

With the passage of time the hostilities between the two groups went on increasing. Manchuria was an apple of discord between the two parties. The Communists strongly resented this issue.

American assistance to national government regarding transportation of troops was highly condemned by the Communists and they felt that they were be ^– encircled by the National government. They also sent their armies to Manchuria and established their control over the countryside.

In April 1946, the communists declared war against the National government on the issue of Manchuria. The question of Central China and Shantung added fuel to the fire.

The American President tried his best through his envoy George Marshall to pacify both the parties but his efforts did not prove effective and both the parties held each other responsible for violating the truce and the efforts of America to establish peace between the two parties failed in to.

In November 1946 Chiang convened a National Assembly at Nanking when the fighting between the National government and the communists was in full swing; hence the communists and national parties did not agree to take part in this assembly.

However, a constitution was framed and approved in the General Assembly on 25th December 1946. In 1947 seeing the failures of the mission of George Marshall, he was called back.

The right of property was awarded to the women and they were given legal responsibility for the care of the children. Right to work and education was also given to them at par with men. Prostitution was condemned and the prostitutes were asked to marry and start a new life.

Thus, we see that the revolution of 1949 brought some fundamental changes in the life of the people of China. The revolutionary government gave more importance to the welfare of all.

She also encouraged people to help the fellow workers and neighbours at the time of need. In this way revolution proved to be good not only for the individual but for the entire community and it generated a sense of responsibility in the community as a whole.