Worried by developments, the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders one by one. This led to violent clashes at many places.

When Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, was arrested in April 1930, angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of Peshawar, facing armoured cars and police firing. Many were killed.

A month later, when Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railways stations-all structures that symbolised British rule.

A frightened government responded with a policy of brutal repression. Peaceful Satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten and about 1,00,00 people were arrested.