In Itlay Antonio Serra (1580-1650) made valuable contribution to the mercantilist thought. He wrote A Brief Treatise on the Causes which can make gold and silver abound in Kingdoms where there are no Mines, in which he highlighted how the gold and silver in a country could be increased through quantity of industry, quality of population, extensive trading operations and regulations of the king.

He considered the industry more important than agricultural produce and favoured ex­pansion of trade within the state. He held that the expansion of trade within the country and without depended on the quality of the population. He was against prohibition on the export of money, but insisted that if money was exported for any purpose it must return with a profit into the kingdom from which it was sent.

In addition to the above writers certain other mercantilist writers also made valuable contribution but it is not possible to deal with them in the limited space.