Bundelkhand Uplands (24°-26°30′ N and 78° 10′ – 81° 30′ E) is bounded by the Yamuna river in the north, the Vindhyan Plateau in the south, the Chambal in the north-west and Panna-Ajaigarh ranges in the south-east. It comprises of five districts (Jalaun, Jhansi,Lalitpur, Hamirpurand Banda) of Uttar Pradesh and four districts (Datia, Tikamgarh, Chhatarpur and Panna) of Madhya Pradesh incorporating an area of 54,560 km2.

The region mainly consists of crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks (the Bundelkhand gneiss). Here the lower Vindhyans are found in the form of Bhander, Rewa and Kaimur series while shales are best developed in the centre. In the north-west and north-east the system is cov­ered by the Ganga-Yamuna alluvium and in the south-west by the Deccan Trap.

The region is characterised by ‘senile topography’. About 67.7% of the area is under 300 m and only 3.6% is above 450 m. The northern one-third of the plain area is mo­notonously flat and stands in strong contrast with the Vindhyan tableland with three escarpments deline­ated by 300, 375 and 450 m contours. It shows

everywhere gently undulating surface with occa­sionally flat-topped hills of smooth sky-line as relics of pcncplanatcd surfaces. The monotony of low relief of the granite country is frequently broken by quartz reefs and doleritc dykes surrounded by plethora of boulders dislodged from them.

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The streams like Bet wa, Dhasan and Ken have carved out steep gorges, precipitous rocky banks and water falls (60 m) and ravines in the alluvial plains of the north. Physiographically the region is divided into two sub-regions: (i) the Bundelkhand Plain, and (ii) the Bundelkhand Upland.