What are the Aims and objectives of teaching Geography?

Once we have known about the importance of Geography, we must have proper idea about the aims and objectives of teaching it. Without the knowledge of the aims and objectives of teaching of geography, it is not possible for the teacher to teach the subject properly. Thus, it is absolutely essential to formulate the aims and objectives of teaching Geography.

Long-term Objectives of Teaching Geography

The long-term objectives of teaching Geography are:

1. To impart basic knowledge of the subject.

2. To develop the student’s observational skills.

3. To understand the interrelation of the subject and the society.

4. To infuse thorough understanding of its concepts and theories

These long-term objectives aim at providing young pupils such types of knowledge, skills and attitudes as would develop an acceptable behaviour in a democratic society in which they live.

More specifically, the aims and objectives of teaching Geography may be studied under the following heads:

I. Intellectual Development.

The development of intellect is a matter of knowledge and reasoning. Geography provides ample knowledge to the pupils about the various aspects of earth and natural phenomena. It also provides knowledge about different aspects of all the countries of the world. The acquisition of this knowledge helps to bring about the intellectual development of the pupils.

II. Broadening of Outlook.

Geography provides the students with the knowledge about various countries of the world. They study about the people of different countries. They also come to know about the geographical conditions of the various countries. This helps the students to broaden their outlook.

III. Development of International Outlook.

The development of international outlook is also one of the aims and objectives of teaching Geography. The students study about the ways of life and conditions of the people of different countries. They also come to know about the interdependence of the countries of the world. This naturally helps to develop international outlook in the pupils.

IV. Development of the Quality of Adjustment with the Environment.

Through the study of Geography the students come to know how man has been adjusting to his environment even when it has been very inconvenient to live there. They will also learn about the modes of adjusting to the environment as well as molding the environment
to make them congenial to live in. This helps the pupils a lot in adjusting themselves to the environment, which is a quality worth acquiring.

V. Development of Love for Nature and Travels.

Love of nature is developed through the study of Geography. When the student is told and taught about the beauties of nature, such as snow-clad mountain speaks, green forests and the animal wealth, he is sure to be attracted towards the beauties of nature. Moreover, the student also reads about other countries. This develops in him a love for travelling and acquiring knowledge of other countries.

VI. Acquisition of Knowledge of Natural Resources.

Economic development of a country largely depends upon the natural resources of a country. Therefore, their knowledge is very essential for every individual as the citizen of the country. The knowledge of natural resources is provided by Geography. This helps the citizen to play their part effectively in the economic development of their motherland.

VII. Knowledge of Influence of Geographical Factors on Man.

Geography aims at the study of the influence of the geographical factors on man. By the study of geography, it is possible for a person to know the influence of the natural factors and the geographical factors on human life. This knowledge helps the individuals in their practical life.

VIII. Knowledge of Development of Civilisations.

There are geographical factors that influence the development of civilisation and culture. It is a well-known fact that civilisations have grown on account of geographical factors. Thus, the study of Geography put slight and provides knowledge about the growth and development of various civilisations of the world.

IX. Inculcating Mental Discipline.

The aim of teaching Geography is that it provides mental discipline to the pupils. This means that the subject of Geography trains the pupil’s mode of thought which in turn influences his intellectual life and also disciplines his mind. This mental discipline comes through the application of scientific attitudes in distinguishing facts, interpreting them and drawing valid and correct conclusions and inferences. This helps in disciplining the mind.

X. Encouraging Independent Thinking.

The study of Geography encourages independence of thought and action. An independent person will come to his conclusions only after thoughtful deliberation. Thus, he will develop the habit of independent thinking.

In the words of Prof. James Fairgrieve,”The function of Geography is to train future citizens, to imagine accurately the conditions of the great world stage and to help them to think sanely about political and social problems in the world around.”

Thus, the teaching of Geography has cultural, moral, social and economic aims.