As we know that if we learn anything by associating it with other things or if we learn concepts linking together in consciousness two or more mental products as sensations, images, precepts, ideas concepts etc., then we can learn them permanently and can recall them according to needs.
There are some laws of association:
A. Law of contiguity or nearness:
The law of nearness controls the ideas in two ways, one with regard to space and other with regard to time. For example regarding nearness of space we can define many things or ideas which have nearness of space as engine and bogies of train etc. While regarding nearness of time we can learn or know about rain after black clouds in the sky.
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B. Law of similarity:
We should link up similar facts, things and ideas with each other so that one could easily recall the other. For example we can remind moon after seeing a circled light similar to the moon. We can teach and student can learn and recall similar events and facts easily.
C. Law of contrast:
This law states the contrasted characters get associated with each other so that one reminds the other that stands in contrast to it. For example after seeing mouse a child can recall cat also. We can learn opposite events/facts easily by associating them.