From the time of human thought and imagination on the transmission of characters from one generation to other man started augmenting upon the fact but that was remain as a mystery of life until the work of Mendel was rediscovered.

Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) an Austrian monk explained the entire mechanism of inheritance while conducted the entire mechanism of inheritance while conducted the experiments on cross hybridization among different varieties of gardenpea.

He conducted his experiment for 7 years and published the work under the natural history society of Brunn in 1865 but it was hard heard and left behind and under estimated subjecting to criticism.

In the year of 1900 Correns, de vries and Tshermark who worked separately on the work of Mendel and came to same conclusion. The findings of them come to light as the Mendel’s law of inheritance.

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On the basic of Mendel’s experiments with graded peas following laws of inheritance has been formulated.

First law of Mendel – Law of Segregation.

It states that paired factor, or alleles segregate from each other during the formation of fametes and the segregated factors pass to the gametes and a gamete carries either dominant or recessive factor, but never the both.

Mendel’s second law:

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Mendel’s second law of inheritance is the law of independent assortment, which based on the dithered experiments.

NB: (For rest part of answer see 1998 solved university question)